Travel to Russia on your own - A comprehensive guide for tourists
- Damian Brzeski
- Mar 14
- 30 min read
Visa, transport, safety, or maybe tips on accommodation and local cuisine?
Traveling around Russia is a challenge, but also a fascinating adventure – from the monumental monuments of Moscow, through the fabulous palaces of St. Petersburg, to the endless spaces of Siberia and the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway.
Find out how to prepare for your trip, avoid the pitfalls and enjoy an unforgettable journey through the largest country in the world!
Required formalities and documents
When planning a trip to Russia, you should remember about a number of formalities that are necessary for legal entry and stay in the country. Proper preparation of documents will help avoid problems at the border and during sightseeing.
How to get a visa to Russia?
When planning a trip to Russia , you need to remember that entry into the country requires appropriate documents. Citizens of Poland and most countries must have a visa to legally cross the border. The standard solution is to obtain a tourist or business visa , which can be obtained through the Russian Consulate or a visa center.
What documents are needed to obtain a visa?
To obtain a visa, it is necessary to collect several necessary documents:
Passport – must be valid for at least 6 months after your planned departure from Russia.
Completed visa application form – can be submitted online or on paper.
Tourist voucher (so-called visa support) – this is a document confirming the purpose of the trip, issued by an authorized tour operator or hotel in Russia. A regular hotel reservation is not enough!
Insurance policy – travel insurance with minimum coverage of €30,000 is required, valid for the entire stay.
Passport photo – current and meeting visa requirements.
Where to submit documents?
Once you have collected all the required documents, you can submit them to the Russian Embassy , Consulate or Visa Center. Then you need to pay the consular fee and wait for the visa to be issued. The standard waiting time is about 1-2 weeks, but express mode may take less.
If you are planning a trip to St. Petersburg , it is worth considering the Russian e-visa , which is easier to obtain and does not require a tourist voucher. However, it does not cover all regions of the country.
When to start the visa process?
It is not worth leaving it to the last minute – obtaining a tourist visa takes time, and delays can ruin your plans. Make sure your passport is valid and your documents are complete to avoid unnecessary complications.
Remember that before you leave, it is also a good idea to familiarize yourself with the safety rules in Russia and check the current travel regulations. This will make your trip stress-free!
E-visa to Russia – who can benefit?
For many travelers, the Russian e-visa is a convenient solution that simplifies travel formalities. From August 2023, it can be used by citizens of 56 countries, including European Union countries, as well as Poland, the US, Canada and Japan.
How does e-visa work?
The e-visa allows a single entry to the entire territory of the Russian Federation for a maximum of 16 days and is valid for 60 days from the date of issue .
The process of obtaining it is completely online – all you need to do is:
Submit a visa application on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Attach a passport scan and a digital photo .
No invitation or tourist voucher required .
The earliest you can apply is 40 days and the latest you can apply is 4 days before your planned trip . The fee is around $40-50 and is paid by card at the time of application. The standard processing time is up to 4 business days, but you can generally expect it in as little as 2 days.
How to use e-visa?
After acceptance , the E-visa to Russia is available in electronic form – it can be printed or saved on a mobile device. When crossing the border, it must be presented together with a passport .
When is an e-visa not enough?
Although the Russian e-visa is a great convenience, it has some limitations. It cannot be extended and the maximum stay is only 16 days . If you are planning a longer trip, such as a ride on the Trans-Siberian Railway with numerous stops, it is better to apply for a standard tourist visa valid for up to 30 days.
It is also worth checking the current regulations before departure, as the list of eligible countries and the conditions for obtaining an e-visa may change.
Travel planning and transportation within the Russian Federation
Traveling to Russia requires careful planning, especially if you are organizing your trip on your own. Choosing the right means of transport, the route and knowledge of local communication realities can significantly affect the comfort and safety of your trip.
How to get to Russia – plane, train or car?:
Russia by plane: The most convenient and fastest way to get to Russia is by plane . Before the war, there were many direct flights from Poland and other European countries to Moscow and St. Petersburg in Ukraine. However, direct flights from Poland to Russia are currently suspended , which means that you have to travel with transfers.
Popular routes include Istanbul, Dubai, Belgrade and Helsinki , from where flights to Russian cities still operate.
When planning to fly to Russia , it is worth remembering that transit through some countries may require COVID tests , as well as a transit visa if the transfer is in Turkey or Serbia, for example. It is always worth checking the current regulations before traveling.
Russia by rail: Historically, there were numerous rail connections from Europe to Russia, such as the Warsaw–Moscow via Brest or Helsinki–St. Petersburg trains. Unfortunately, most of them are currently suspended .
The train “Polonez” Warsaw – Moscow has been canceled.
The Allegro express (Helsinki – St. Petersburg) is also not running.
Travel via Latvia or Estonia is possible , but requires checking the availability of connections.
Those planning to travel by train could theoretically travel to Minsk, Belarus , or Riga, Latvia , and then transfer to Russia by train. In that case, a Belarus transit visa may be required.
If you are planning a longer trip, such as the Trans-Siberian Railway , you will need a Russian visa valid for your entire stay.
Traveling in Russia by private car: Traveling to Russia by your own car provides independence, but it also involves additional formalities and potential difficulties. Russia's land borders are theoretically open , but the geopolitical situation means that crossing them can be time-consuming.
Border crossings :
Kaliningrad Oblast – possible passage through the crossings in Grzechotki-Mamonowo and Bezledy-Bagrationovsk .
An alternative route is through Lithuania and Latvia or Belarus .
Documents required for travel by car :
Passport with a valid visa to Russia .
International driving license (Polish is also accepted).
Vehicle registration certificate .
Green Card – mandatory third party liability insurance.
Customs declaration – a vehicle imported temporarily must be exported from Russia.
What to watch out for when driving in Russia?
Huge distances – Russia is a country of vast expanses, and gas stations can be sparsely located.
Road quality – main routes are good, but outside cities the road surface can be poor.
Drivers' driving style – Russian driving style can be dynamic and unpredictable.
Offline navigation – it’s worth having physical maps or GPS navigation, as coverage outside cities is limited.
An example of a difficult route is the famous Kolyma Highway in the Far East, known as the "road on bones", which consists largely of unpaved surfaces.
Driving across Russia can be an adventure, but given the current political situation, crossing land borders can be unpredictable. Before you set off, it's worth checking the latest MFA announcements and the situation at border crossings.
Traveling by train in Russia – a guide to Russian trains
The Russian railway network is one of the largest and most important in the world, connecting remote regions of this vast country.
Traveling by train is not only a convenient and relatively inexpensive way to get around, but also a great opportunity to experience Russian culture and admire spectacular landscapes.
It is worth getting to know the available carriage classes, the ticket reservation system and practical tips that will make traveling by train in Russia easier.
Rail as a way to get to know Russia
Traveling by train in Russia is not just a means of transport, but also an unforgettable experience. The Russian railway network is one of the largest in the world – the national carrier RZH serves almost 1.5 billion passengers annually. Trains are usually punctual, safe and clean , and the journey itself often becomes a tourist attraction.
Larger cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg are connected by a network of long-distance trains, from fast expresses to atmospheric overnight sleeper trains . If you want to traverse the vast expanses of this country, a trip on the Trans-Siberian Railway will be an unforgettable adventure.
Classes of carriages in Russian trains
Russian long-distance trains offer different classes of carriages to suit the comfort and budget of passengers:
Platzkart (3rd class) – the cheapest and most popular sleeper car without compartments . It has 54 couchettes , placed along the length of the car. Although it lacks privacy, it is a great opportunity to meet ordinary Russians , having conversations over tea from a samovar.
Kupe (2nd class) - a compartment car with 9 closed compartments , each with 4 couchettes (two lower beds and two upper ones). It provides more privacy and peace than Platzkart, being a compromise between price and comfort.
Lux / SV (1st class) – comfortable two-person compartment , often with air conditioning, power socket , and in some trains even a private shower and toilet . This is an option for more demanding travelers.
Seating – available mainly on day expresses and shorter routes. An example is Sapsan , the Moscow-St. Petersburg high-speed train, which offers only economy and business class seats .
Regardless of the class, there is always a samovar with boiling water on board long-distance trains, which passengers use for tea or instant soups .
The carriages are serviced by conductors who check tickets, issue clean bedding, maintain order and provide assistance.
Most trains also have a restaurant car , although meal prices are higher than on land – it is worth taking your own provisions.
Ticket purchase
The most convenient way to buy tickets is the official website of the RŻD , also available in English. After purchase, we receive an electronic ticket with a QR code , which we just need to show on the phone screen.
However, due to international sanctions , payment with cards issued in Poland on the RŻD website may not work. In such a case, you can use intermediaries or buy a ticket traditionally at the ticket office at the station .
In large cities, cashiers often know basic English, and timetables are also available in the Latin alphabet.
Before boarding the train, a security check is carried out, similar to that at an airport – passengers’ luggage is x-rayed.
Traveling by train in Russia – what is worth knowing?
Rail travel in Russia is not fast – the average speed of long-distance trains is 60–70 km/h , and frequent stops make the route even longer. However, the journey is very comfortable , especially in sleeper cars, which allow you to travel hundreds of kilometers at night , thus saving on accommodation.
For many tourists, this is an extraordinary experience – landscapes from the European part of Russia , through the Urals , to the taiga and steppes of Siberia , pass through the windows. Long hours of travel are conducive to starting conversations with fellow passengers over a cup of hot tea.
If you are planning to travel on the Trans-Siberian Railway , it is worth booking tickets well in advance, checking the duration of your visa , and also preparing for long hours spent on the train. The railway in Russia is more than transport - it is a real adventure!
Local transport – minibuses, Yandex Taxi and other options
Russian cities offer a wide range of public transport options to suit the different needs of travelers.
From the convenient and fast metro in metropolises, through popular marshrutkas, to taxi apps – knowledge of the available transport options will allow you to move around the country efficiently and without any problems.
It is also worth knowing the local rules for using public transport to avoid misunderstandings and travel comfortably.
Subway
In large cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg , metros are the backbone of transportation. The Moscow Metro is particularly impressive – its deep, ornate stations are often called “underground palaces.”
The metro is fast and cheap – a single ride costs a few rubles, and tickets can be purchased from machines. Trains run very frequently during rush hour, although they can be crowded. The metro in St. Petersburg is less extensive, but also efficient and convenient.
Marshrutkas - private buses
A characteristic element of Russian transport is the marshrutka – private minibuses running on fixed routes but stopping at the request of passengers. Most often, these are yellow buses (Gazelle, Ford Transit), which allow you to reach places inaccessible by public transport.
The fare is paid to the driver – usually a few dozen rubles, it is best to have some change. Marshrutkas are popular both in cities and in the provinces , where they are often the only means of transport.
Buses, trams, trolleybuses
Most Russian cities have a network of buses, trams and trolleybuses . In many places, especially in former Soviet cities, trams and trolleybuses still play an important role.
There are modern trams in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but in smaller cities, such as Irkutsk or Vladivostok , you will find more classic models.
Tickets can be purchased from the conductor, at kiosks or through city apps, although it is worth remembering that payments with foreign cards may not work , so it is better to have cash.
Yandex Taxi - Russian Uber
In Russia, global transportation apps like Uber and Bolt have been replaced by Yandex.Taxi , owned by Russian internet giant Yandex.
The service works similarly to Uber – you order a ride through the app, see the price upfront and can pay in cash or with a card linked to your account.
Yandex Taxi is widely available in larger cities and is often cheaper than traditional taxis. However, due to sanctions, foreign cards may not work in the app , so it's worth preparing cash.
On foot
Many Russian cities are ideal for walking, such as downtown St. Petersburg and the Moskva River boulevards. Walking allows you to fully absorb the atmosphere of the city, but you should watch out for traffic – drivers don’t always stop at crossings. In winter, sidewalks can be icy , so sturdy shoes with non-slip soles are essential.
It is worth downloading the 2GIS or Yandex.Maps applications before your trip – they work offline, show detailed public transport timetables and make it easier to get around cities where most signs are in Cyrillic.
Top tourist attractions in Russia
Russia is a country of immense cultural and natural wealth, offering countless attractions for every traveler. From the majestic buildings of Moscow and St. Petersburg, through the historic cities of the Golden Ring, to the extraordinary wonders of nature such as Baikal or Kamchatka - a visit to Russia is a unique journey through time and space.
It is worth knowing the most important places that you must definitely see during your stay in this fascinating country.
What is worth seeing in Moscow?
Moscow is a city that combines rich history with modernity. Monumental buildings, historic churches, an impressive metro and modern skyscrapers mean that everyone will find something for themselves here. Here are the most important places to visit during your stay in the Russian capital.?
Red Square and the Kremlin – the heart of Moscow
It is worth starting a tour of Moscow from its central point – Red Square , surrounded by historic buildings. This is where Saint Basil's Cathedral is located, famous for its colorful domes, which has become one of the symbols of Russia.
Right next to it is the Lenin Mausoleum , and on the opposite side is the long building of GUM – a historic department store, now full of luxury shops. On the north side of the square is the State Historical Museum with a characteristic red facade.
Behind the brick walls lies the Moscow Kremlin , a fortified complex of palaces and churches. It is worth buying an entrance ticket to see the Armoury , where the royal insignia are kept, and impressive cathedrals such as the Assumption Cathedral , the burial place of the tsars.
The Kremlin is also home to famous exhibits, including the gigantic Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell . The whole is dominated by the Spasskaya Tower with its huge clock, through which troops entered Red Square during parades.
Aleksandrovsky Orchard, Arbat and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior
After leaving the Kremlin, take a stroll through Aleksandrovsky Gardens , where the hourly changing of the guard takes place at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier , before heading to Arbat , Moscow’s most famous pedestrian street, full of street performers, cafes and souvenir shops.
Not far from Arbat is the monumental Cathedral of Christ the Savior , rebuilt in the 1990s after the original building was blown up on Stalin's orders. The observation deck there offers a magnificent panorama of the city.
The Bolshoi Theatre, the Tretyakov Gallery and the Moscow Metro
Culture lovers should visit the Bolshoi Theatre , famous for its lavish ballets and operas. Even if you don’t plan on seeing a performance, the building’s impressive façade is worth a visit.
For art enthusiasts, a must-see is the Tretyakov Gallery , home to masterpieces of Russian painting, including icons by Andrei Rublev and paintings by Repin.
Another extraordinary attraction is the Moscow metro , considered the most beautiful in the world. Stations such as Komsomolskaya, Kijovskaya and Mayakovskaya resemble palace halls, decorated with marble, mosaics and chandeliers.
Modern Moscow and its surroundings
If you have more time, it is worth seeing the modern side of the capital. Moscow City is a district of skyscrapers, and VDNCh is a huge exhibition center with monumental socialist realist architecture and the famous Fountain of Friendship of Nations .
Also recommended for history buffs:
Kolomenskoye – the former residence of the tsars on the Moskva River.
Novodevichy Cemetery – burial place of famous Russians such as Chekhov, Gogol and Yeltsin.
Vorobyovy Hills (Lenin) – a viewing point at the Moscow State University , from where there is a panoramic view of the city.
Moscow is a city full of contrasts, combining history with modernity, monumental buildings with a bustling metropolis – everyone will find something for themselves here.
Saint Petersburg – Versailles of the North
Saint Petersburg, called the "cultural capital of Russia", impresses with its European charm, network of canals and monumental architecture. Its historic center, often referred to as the "Venice of the North" , hides numerous architectural and cultural gems. Here are the most important places to see in this unique city.
Winter Palace and Hermitage
It is worth starting your tour from Palace Square , the heart of the city, where the majestic Winter Palace stands. This baroque building houses one of the most important museums in the world – the Hermitage , whose collection includes over 3 million works of art , from antiquity to impressionism.
The interiors amaze with the richness of their decorations – it is worth seeing the Malachite Room, the Jordan Cage and the masterpieces of masters such as Rembrandt and Da Vinci .
Alexander Column and Vasilyevsky Island
The impressive Alexander Column rises on Palace Square, and nearby is the semicircular building of the General Staff .
From this place you can go to Vasilievsky Island , from where there is a picturesque view of the city panorama. There are also Rostral Columns , symbolizing Russia's naval power.
Church on Blood
One of St. Petersburg's most iconic landmarks is the Church of the Resurrection of Christ , also known as the Church on the Blood . Its colorful onion-shaped domes and ornate facades are reminiscent of Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow.
The interior is covered with thousands of square meters of mosaics , making it one of the most beautifully decorated churches in Russia. The church commemorates the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881.
St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Campus Martius
A few steps away is St. Isaac's Cathedral , the largest church in the city, known for its huge golden dome . It is worth climbing its colonnade (262 steps) to admire the spectacular view of St. Petersburg. Nearby is the Field of Mars , perfect for a walk among the greenery.
Lifting bridges and white nights in St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg is famous for its drawbridges. On summer nights you can admire their raising, especially on the Palace Bridge and the Troitsky Bridge . During the white nights , when the sun barely sets below the horizon, it is one of the most magical spectacles in the city.
Peter and Paul Fortress and Nevsky Prospect
Hare Island is home to the Peter and Paul Fortress , the oldest part of St. Petersburg, with the Peter and Paul Cathedral , where the tsars, including Nicholas II and his family , are buried. The city's main thoroughfare, Nevsky Prospekt , is a bustling avenue lined with shops, cafes, and landmarks such as the Kazan Cathedral , inspired by St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo
Outside the center of St. Petersburg there are two architectural gems:
Peterhof – the summer residence of Peter the Great on the Gulf of Finland, famous for its Grand Cascade of gilded fountains.
Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin) – the palace complex of Catherine the Great, which contains the reconstructed Amber Room .
Saint Petersburg captivates with its imperial grandeur, rich culture and unique atmosphere, especially during the white nights . It is a city that every lover of history and art should visit at least once in their life.
Trans-Siberian Railway – the journey of a lifetime
The Trans-Siberian Railway is a legendary route and the dream of many travelers. It is the longest railway line in the world, 9,289 km long, crossing 8 time zones . The main route runs from Moscow (Yaroslavsky station) all the way to Vladivostok on the Pacific Ocean.
It takes about 7 days and nights to travel the entire route without breaks. The construction of the railway began in 1891 under Tsar Alexander III and was completed in 1916 , connecting the European part of Russia with the Far East.
Why is this the trip of a lifetime?
Travelers traverse almost the entire continent on the Trans-Siberian Railway . The route leads through the Urals , the conventional border of Europe and Asia, through the endless plains of Siberia, to the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
Every day on the train is a changing landscape – dense forests, vast steppes, mountain ranges . At night, the train lulls you to sleep with the rhythmic clatter of its wheels, and the days pass admiring the views from the window of the carriage.
The most interesting stops on the route
Many travelers choose to stop off to explore selected cities. Some of the most popular stops include:
Yekaterinburg – the capital of the Urals, the place of execution of the royal family.
Novosibirsk – the largest city in Siberia.
Irkutsk – a charming city on the Angara, the gateway to Lake Baikal .
Ulan-Ude – the capital of Buryatia with the world's largest statue of Lenin's head and strong Buddhist influences.
Khabarovsk – a city on the Amur River, close to the border with China.
Vladivostok – a seaside port reminiscent of San Francisco, with bridges and a picturesque coastline.
Some choose alternative routes, such as the Trans-Mongolian Railway , which branches off at Ulan-Ude and runs through Mongolia to Beijing , or the Trans-Manchurian Railway , which runs through China, bypassing Mongolia.
Life on the train
Travelling on the Trans-Siberian Railway is more than just a journey – it is a unique experience that creates a special community of travellers.
Passengers spend long hours together, share meals, talk, play cards , and the rhythm of the journey is set by the clatter of wheels and subsequent stops.
During longer stops, you can go out onto the platform to buy dumplings, dried fish or fruit from local vendors. Each carriage is equipped with a samovar with boiling water – an essential element of the journey, thanks to which you can prepare tea or instant soups.
Traveling on the Trans-Siberian Railway allows you to truly feel the vastness of Russia , experience its space and diversity of cultures – from Slavic to Asian.
For many travelers, it is an almost meditative experience – the world slows down, the days are marked by sunrises and sunsets , and the monotonous clatter of wheels has a calming effect.
Practical tips
It is worth booking tickets in advance, especially in summer.
If you plan to get off along the way, it is best to buy separate tickets for the subsequent sections of the route .
It is worth taking some provisions and entertainment (a book, playing cards) with you , because long hours on the train can sometimes seem long.
Don't forget your camera – the landscapes outside the window are spectacular!
The Trans-Siberian Railway is a unique adventure that cannot be compared to any other means of transport. It is an old-fashioned journey, where the journey is as important as the destination – a true journey of a lifetime.
Lake Baikal – the pearl of Siberia
Lake Baikal is one of the most extraordinary places in the world and a true treasure of Siberia. It is the deepest lake on Earth – at its deepest point it reaches 1642 m , and its average depth is about 730 m . It is also the oldest lake in the world, about 25 million years old .
Moreover, Baikal contains as much as 20% of the world's fresh surface water resources , making it one of the most valuable ecosystems on our planet. Due to its unique natural values, it has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1996 .
Clear water and extraordinary fauna
Baikal impresses with its purity and transparency - in summer the water is so clear that you can see the bottom even at a depth of 40 meters . This lake is inhabited by many unique species, including the Baikal seal (nerpa) - the only freshwater seal in the world.
Also living in the waters of Baikal is the omul , an endemic fish that is a local delicacy, best tried smoked on the shores of the lake.
Baikal at any time of the year
Each season reveals a different face of the lake:
In winter, Baikal's surface is covered with thick, transparent ice (1-2 m), with deep crevasses visible beneath it. This is the time when ice roads are marked out on the lake , and cars and trucks drive on the frozen surface.
In summer, Baikal attracts tourists with boat trips, trekking and swimming – although the water temperature rarely exceeds 10–12°C .
Best places to visit
The most popular base for trips to Baikal is Irkutsk , 70 km from the lake. From there you can get to:
Listvyanka – a tourist town with guesthouses, a fish market and a Baikal museum.
Olkhon Island – the largest island of Baikal (72 km long), full of steppes, cliffs and shamanic legends . From the village of Khuzhir, trips are organized to the Shaman Rock on Cape Burkhan and to Cape Khoboy , from where there is a spectacular view of the vastness of the lake.
The Krugobaikal Railway - a journey along the shores of Lake Baikal
One of the unique attractions is the ride on the Krugobaikal Railway – a historic section of the former Trans-Siberian Railway that runs right on the shore of the lake. The route leads through dozens of tunnels and bridges , offering breathtaking views.
The Magic of Baikal
Baikal is not only nature, but also a place of spiritual harmony . Locals call it the "Siberian Sea" , and its vastness and peace are remembered by everyone who comes here.
Just sit on the shore, listen to the sound of the waves and admire the sunset over the mirror-like surface of the water to feel the magic of this extraordinary place. For lovers of nature and wild landscapes , Baikal is a must-see on every trip to Russia .
Kamchatka and Kolyma – wild nature and history
The Russian Far East hides some of the most isolated and fascinating corners of the world. Kamchatka delights with its raw nature, active volcanoes and incredible wilderness. Kolyma , on the other hand, is associated with the tragic history of the gulags and extreme climate. Both regions have one thing in common - they are a challenge even for the most experienced travelers.
Kamchatka - a land of volcanoes and wildlife
Kamchatka is one of the most pristine places in the world – a vast peninsula the size of Italy, isolated and almost untouched by civilization.
This is a true kingdom of nature, where there are over 160 volcanoes , of which about 28 are still active . The highest of them is Kluczewska Sopka (4750 m above sea level), considered the highest active volcano in Eurasia.
One of the greatest wonders of Kamchatka is the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve , the second largest geyser field in the world (after Yellowstone). This extraordinary place can only be visited by helicopter, and tourists are greeted by erupting geysers, bubbling mud springs and mineral terraces .
Another unique place is Kurile Lake , where salmon migrate every year, attracting hundreds of brown bears . Kamchatka is one of the few places in the world where you can observe bears in their natural habitat.
Adventure in Kamchatka
Kamchatka is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. Here you can:
Trekking to volcanoes , e.g. Mutnowski or Avaczyński .
Riding a dinghy along wild rivers .
Enjoy hot springs outdoors.
Fishing in pristine rivers .
The peninsula is difficult to reach, however – the lack of road connections with the rest of Russia means that the only option is to fly to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky or take a boat trip. Tourism is limited here, and prices for tours – especially helicopter tours – can be high. However, the uniqueness of this place rewards any effort – Kamchatka remains one of the last truly wild corners of the world.
Kolyma - a history of gulags and harsh tundra
Kolyma is a region with a completely different character – it is known primarily for its dark history . It was here, in the 1930s and 1940s, that an extensive system of Soviet forced labor camps was established.
Gulag prisoners mined gold and built roads in extreme conditions – in winter temperatures drop below -50°C , and in summer mosquitoes are a real plague.
The most famous symbol of this history is the Kolyma Road (Kolymska Trakt), known as the Road on Bones . The route connecting Magadan with Yakutsk is over 2,000 km long and was built by prisoners, many of whom lost their lives during the work – legend has it that their bones were built into the embankment.
Extreme journey through Kolyma
Today Kolyma attracts mainly:
Extreme adventure seekers who tackle the Road of Bones on motorcycles or off-road vehicles.
History enthusiasts , visiting camp memorial sites.
Fishermen , tempted by clean rivers full of fish.
In Magadan, there is the Mask of Sorrow , a monumental memorial to the victims of the gulags. The region also contains abandoned mines, cemeteries, and remnants of Soviet infrastructure.
Not far from the Kolyma Road lies Oymyakon , considered the coldest inhabited place on Earth , where a record temperature of -67.7°C was recorded.
Two faces of the Far East
Kamchatka and Kolyma are two contrasting worlds – one full of geothermal wonders and wildlife , the other marked by historical tragedy and harsh climate . They have one thing in common: both lie far off the beaten track , offering travelers unforgettable experiences. A trip to these regions is a challenge, but for those who decide to take this step, it will be the trip of a lifetime.
Practical tips for traveling around Russia on your own
Traveling around Russia on your own requires good preparation, especially when it comes to accommodation. Many international booking platforms have stopped working, and some hotel chains have changed owners.
Despite this, you can still find a variety of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to private accommodations. It is worth knowing where to look for accommodation and what formalities are associated with it.
Accommodation in Russia - hotels, hostels, alternative options
Accommodation in Russia is varied, although availability for foreign tourists has changed after 2022.
In large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Kazan , there are still hotels of various categories, from luxury to budget. However, it is worth remembering that some Western hotel chains have withdrawn from Russia or changed their names, so hotels can operate under new brands.
Hostels were popular with backpackers, especially in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Many are still operating, although reduced tourist traffic has affected their numbers. It is worth checking up-to-date reviews before booking.
Booking accommodation – how and where?
In 2022, platforms such as Booking.com and Airbnb suspended their operations in Russia , making it difficult to book from abroad.
An alternative is Russian booking services such as Ostrovok, OneTwoTrip or direct contact with hotels. Many properties allow cash payment on site, which is important given the restrictions on using foreign payment cards.
Alternative accommodation options :
Rental of flats and apartments through Russian portals , e.g. Avito.ru or Cian.ru.
Mini-hotels and capsule hostels that can be found through Yandex or Google Maps .
Private accommodation offered by locals in tourist towns, e.g. on Lake Baikal or in Sochi .
Registration obligation
Foreigners traveling to Russia must register within 7 days of arrival . If you are staying in a hotel or hostel, the reception usually handles the registration. If you are renting an apartment from a private person, the owner is responsible for registration – it is worth arranging this before arrival.
Accommodation off the main trails
In less touristy regions (Siberia, Far East, Caucasus) accommodation is often more modest. Private accommodation or small guesthouses are often the best option.
In tourist towns, locals rent rooms – you can look for offers on the spot, paying attention to the signs "Сдам жильё" ("I'm renting an apartment").
Traveling around Russia, you can find accommodation of varying standards, but it is worth booking key places in advance , especially during the tourist season. Due to the limitations of international platforms, booking directly through Russian services or contacting the property is the best solution.
For adventure lovers, spontaneously finding accommodation with locals can be an unforgettable experience.
Russian cuisine – what is worth trying?
Russian cuisine is a real feast for lovers of hearty and aromatic dishes. It draws on peasant and court traditions and influences from many nations of the empire. The menu is dominated by soups, groats, pickles, flour dishes, as well as fish and mushrooms . If you are planning a trip to Russia, be sure to try these specialties!
The most important dishes of Russian cuisine
Bliny (блины) – thin pancakes, often served with sour cream, jam or caviar. A symbolic dish eaten, among others, during Maslenitsa – a holiday before Great Lent. They can be bought in restaurants, homes and at street stands (e.g. the popular Teremok chain).
Pelmeni (пельмени) – small dumplings stuffed with meat (beef, pork or mixed), boiled and served with butter and sour cream. In restaurants you can also find vareniki – similar dumplings, but with cottage cheese, potato or fruit filling.
Borscht (борщ) – although associated mainly with Ukraine, it is also extremely popular in Russia. It is a hearty soup based on beets, cabbage and root vegetables, often served with meat, cream and dill. Other popular soups include:
Shchi (щи) – cabbage soup made from fresh or sauerkraut.
Solyanka (солянка) – thick, sour-spicy soup with pickled cucumbers, olives and meat or fish.
Okroshka (окрошка) – a cold soup based on kvass, with vegetables and sausage, perfect for summer.
Shashlik (шашлык) – marinated pieces of meat (lamb, pork, chicken) grilled on skewers. A dish of Caucasian origin that has become extremely popular throughout Russia, especially in the summer season.
Olivier Salad (салат Оливье) – known as the “Russian salad”, made from boiled potatoes, carrots, peas, eggs, pickled cucumbers and pieces of sausage or chicken, all mixed with mayonnaise. It is a must-have on the New Year's festive table.
Herring under a blanket (селедка под шубой) – a layered salad of herring, beets, potatoes, carrots and mayonnaise, with an intense flavor.
Pirozhki (пирожки) – fried or baked yeast rolls with filling. They can be stuffed with minced meat, sauerkraut, eggs with onion, potatoes, mushrooms, cottage cheese or jam. A popular snack available at markets, train stations and bakeries.
Beef Stroganoff (бефстроганов) – pieces of beef tenderloin stewed in a creamy mustard sauce with onions and mushrooms. A dish named after Count Stroganoff, often served with buckwheat or mashed potatoes.
Fish and seafood – fresh fish and seafood are worth trying, especially in Siberia and the Far East. Local specialties include:
Kamchatka crab – one of the largest species of crab, highly valued in Russian cuisine.
Red caviar (salmon roe) – served on blinis or small sandwiches with butter.
Omul – an endemic fish of Baikal, served smoked or baked.
Nelma – a fish from the salmon family, popular in Siberia.
Desserts and sweets
Syrniki (сырники) – fried cottage cheese pancakes, served with sour cream, jam or honey.
Ptasie mleczko (Ptići moloko) – a delicate, foamy soufflé covered in chocolate.
Medowik cake (медовик) – multi-layered honey cake with cream filling.
Prianiki (пряники) – soft, glazed gingerbread cookies filled with jam.
What to drink in Russia?
Kvass (квас) – a slightly fermented drink based on bread, refreshing in the hot weather.
Mors (морс) – a drink made from forest fruits, such as cranberries or blueberries.
Tea (чай) – the national drink of the Russians. Black, strong tea is often served in glasses with a metal handle and sweetened with jam (so-called "chai s varienjem").
Vodka (водка) – a classic Russian drink, usually drunk with juice or a pickled cucumber.
Russian cuisine can be heavy, but it is full of flavor and perfect for cold days. In the big cities, you can also try Caucasian cuisine (Georgian, Armenian), which is very popular in Russia.
It's worth being open to new flavors and trying local specialties - especially in canteens (tables) where the locals eat. Bon appetit! Приятного аппетита!
Safety rules – what to watch out for?
Traveling in Russia requires special caution, especially in the current circumstances. Be aware of potential threats and adapt your behavior to local laws and political situations.
Here are some key things to consider:
Geopolitical situation
Due to the war in Ukraine, many countries, including Poland, have been advising against all travel to Russia since 2022. Russia considers Western countries to be “unfriendly,” which may result in increased control by the authorities.
Luggage and phone searches and arbitrary detentions are possible. Dual citizens should be especially careful, as under Russian law they can only be treated as Russian citizens, which carries the risk of military mobilization or a ban on travel.
Documents and checks
Always carry a passport with a valid visa and a migration card, which you will receive at the border and must surrender upon departure. The police have the right to check your documents - the lack of a passport can lead to problems.
Do not give your passport as collateral, e.g. when renting equipment - it is better to present a copy. It is worth having the contact details of the embassy or consulate written down in case you are stopped.
Legal restrictions
Russia has strict regulations on what can be photographed. It is forbidden to take pictures of military facilities, strategic infrastructure (airports, military bases, police stations), and demonstrations and officers.
Publicly criticizing the government or the military can result in legal consequences. Therefore, avoid talking about politics in public and wearing symbols that could be perceived as protest.
Behavior in public places
Russians are generally hospitable and friendly towards tourists, but cultural differences should be kept in mind. In churches, there is a dress code – women often wear a headscarf, men remove their headgear.
On public transport, people give up their seats to the elderly. Russia has strict laws against so-called “ LGBT propaganda ” , so avoiding public displays of homosexuality may be advisable. Drinking alcohol in public is illegal and can result in a fine.
Crime and fraud
In large cities, watch out for pickpockets , especially in the subway, markets, and at tourist attractions. Keep money and documents in inside pockets or in a pouch under your clothes.
Only use official taxis ordered through an app (e.g. Yandex Taxi) or through your hotel – “private” taxis catching tourists at train stations can inflate prices. Avoid deserted places at night and don’t flaunt expensive camera equipment.
Road and transport safety
If you rent a car or travel with your own, remember that the traffic police (GAI) can be strict. Fines are best paid officially, on the spot , avoiding offers of bribes. In remote areas, long road checks can occur. Try to avoid walking alone in unfamiliar neighborhoods after dark.
Health and sanitation
Medical care for foreigners in Russia is paid, so be sure to buy travel insurance before you leave. The EHIC card does not work in Russia. Pharmacies are common and well-stocked, and many medications are available without a prescription.
It is best to drink only bottled or boiled water , as in many regions tap water is unsuitable for consumption.
In the summer, in the forests, you should use mosquito and tick repellents – tick-borne encephalitis occurs in the taiga, so if you are staying for a longer period, consider vaccination. In the winter, dress in layers – temperatures in Siberia can drop below -30°C, and frostbite is a real threat.
Remember
Travel to Russia is currently associated with an increased risk . The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland advises against tourist trips , pointing to limited consular assistance and the unpredictability of the situation. If you decide to travel, exercise caution , have complete documentation and monitor current information.
Russia is a country full of contrasts – the hospitality of its inhabitants can be coupled with the suspicion of the authorities towards foreigners. By applying the principle of limited trust and respecting local law, you will increase your safety during your stay.
Russian Ruble - Payments and Currency Exchange
The currency of Russia is the ruble (RUB) . Banknotes in circulation are in denominations of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 rubles , and coins of 1, 2, 5, 10 rubles, and kopecks .
The ruble exchange rate is unstable – as a result of sanctions and economic factors, its value fluctuates. Currently, 1 PLN is about 20–25 RUB , and 1 USD is about 90–100 RUB , but it is worth checking the current rate before leaving.
Currency exchange
It is best to take euros or US dollars to Russia and exchange them gradually on the spot. Exchange offices ( обмен валют ) operate in all major cities, and rates may vary. It is recommended to exchange money in banks or official exchange offices , avoiding random people on the street.
A passport may be required when exchanging larger amounts . There are no restrictions on the import of foreign currencies, but amounts over USD 10,000 must be declared at customs. It is not worth buying rubles in Poland - it is better to exchange currency only on the spot.
Card payments in Russia
Due to sanctions , foreign Visa and MasterCard cards do not work in Russia - you cannot pay or withdraw cash from ATMs with them. Cashless payments are accepted, but only with cards of the Russian Mir or UnionPay system.
That is why cash is the primary means of payment for tourists. It is worth taking an appropriate amount of euros or dollars and gradually exchanging them for rubles.
If you really need to use your card, you can:
Opening an account in a Russian bank – the procedure is complicated, however.
Using a UnionPay card if your bank issues one (this is rare in Poland).
E-wallets – Some systems, such as Western Union, may work, but are unreliable.
Russian ATMs
In large cities, ATMs are common, but they don't accept foreign cards . If you have cash and want to deposit it into your account (e.g. for online payments in rubles), some exchange offices offer prepaid Mir cards , but their availability to tourists is limited.
Prices and negotiable
After the weakening of the ruble, prices in Russia have become more affordable for tourists.
Example costs:
Moscow Metro – 50–60 RUB (~2.5–3 PLN)
Ticket to the Hermitage Museum – ~800 RUB (~40 PLN)
Beer at a bar – 200–300 RUB (~10–15 PLN)
In the centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg, prices may be higher, while in smaller towns you can eat a solid meal in a canteen for the equivalent of a dozen or so złoty. Bargaining is not common in shops , but you can negotiate prices at bazaars (souvenirs, handicrafts) and when renting private accommodation.
Practical financial advice
Don't carry large amounts of cash with you - spread it out over several places (some in the hotel safe, some on you).
Have some change for everyday expenses – taxi drivers or shop assistants may not have change for large notes.
Always check the exchange rate at the currency exchange office before exchanging money and count it on the spot – some tourist exchange offices may have hidden commissions.
Banks are open mainly on weekdays , while currency exchange offices in shopping malls may operate longer.
What to do with unused rubles?
The ruble is a currency of limited convertibility , so it is worth exchanging it back before leaving . Outside Russia, the exchange rate may be unfavorable or even impossible to sell.
Alternatively, you can keep a few banknotes as a souvenir – Russian banknotes often feature interesting motifs of cities and monuments.
A few words at the end
Traveling to Russia on your own in today's world requires good preparation, flexibility and caution . From visa issues, through transport logistics, to conscious sightseeing and respecting local rules - all this is the key to a successful trip.
Russia is a vast and fascinating country : it offers vibrant cities full of monuments, majestic landscapes from the Baltic to the Pacific, rich culture and unique cuisine. On the other hand, it requires from the traveler an understanding of the current situation and humility towards different realities.
However, if you prepare properly and stay sensible, a solo trip around Russia can provide unforgettable experiences – from a marshrutka ride through the heart of the Russian province, through a night on the Trans-Siberian train accompanied by the clatter of wheels, to the delight of the view of the setting sun over Lake Baikal.
In the meantime, we wish you a happy journey!
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